httpc
An HTTP/1.1 client
This module provides the API to a HTTP/1.1 compatible client according to RFC 2616, caching is currently not supported.
Note!
When starting the Inets application a manager process for the default profile will be started. The functions in this API that does not explicitly use a profile will accesses the default profile. A profile keeps track of proxy options, cookies and other options that can be applied to more than one request.
If the scheme https is used the ssl application needs to be started.
Also note that pipelining will only be used if the pipeline timeout is set, otherwise persistent connections without pipelining will be used e.i. the client always waits for the previous response before sending the next request.
There are some usage examples in the Inets User's Guide.
COMMON DATA TYPES
Type definitions that are used more than once in this module:
boolean() = true | false string() = list of ASCII characters request_id() = ref() profile() = atom() path() = string() representing a file path or directory path ip_address() = See inet(3) socket_opt() = See the Options used by gen_tcp(3) and ssl(3) connect(s)
HTTP DATA TYPES
Type definitions that are related to HTTP:
For more information about HTTP see rfc 2616
method() = head | get | put | post | trace | options | delete request() = {url(), headers()} | {url(), headers(), content_type(), body()} url() = string() - Syntax according to the URI definition in rfc 2396, ex: "http://www.erlang.org" status_line() = {http_version(), status_code(), reason_phrase()} http_version() = string() ex: "HTTP/1.1" status_code() = integer() reason_phrase() = string() content_type() = string() headers() = [header()] header() = {field(), value()} field() = string() value() = string() body() = string() | binary() filename() = string()
SSL DATA TYPES
Some type definitions relevant when using https, for details ssl(3):
ssl_options() = {verify, code()} | {depth, depth()} | {certfile, path()} | {keyfile, path()} | {password, string()} | {cacertfile, path()} | {ciphers, string()}
HTTP CLIENT SERVICE START/STOP
A HTTP client can be configured to start when starting the inets
application or started dynamically in runtime by calling the
inets application API inets:start(httpc, ServiceConfig)
, or
inets:start(httpc, ServiceConfig, How)
see inets(3) Below follows a
description of the available configuration options.
- {profile, profile()}
- Name of the profile, see common data types below, this option is mandatory.
- {data_dir, path()}
- Directory where the profile may save persistent data, if omitted all cookies will be treated as session cookies.
The client can be stopped using inets:stop(httpc, Pid) or inets:stop(httpc, Profile).
Functions
request(Url) ->
request(Url, Profile) -> {ok, Result} | {error, Reason}
Url = url()
Result = {status_line(), headers(), body()} | {status_code(), body()} | request_id()
Profile = profile()
Reason = term()
Equivalent to httpc:request(get, {Url, []}, [], []).
request(Method, Request, HTTPOptions, Options) ->
request(Method, Request, HTTPOptions, Options, Profile) -> {ok, Result} | {ok, saved_to_file} | {error, Reason}
Method = method()
Request = request()
HTTPOptions = http_options()
http_options() = [http_option()]
http_option() = {timeout, timeout()} | {connect_timeout, timeout()} | {ssl, ssl_options()} | {ossl, ssl_options()} | {essl, ssl_options()} | {autoredirect, boolean()} | {proxy_auth, {userstring(), passwordstring()}} | {version, http_version()} | {relaxed, boolean()} | {url_encode, boolean()}
timeout() = integer() >= 0 | infinity
Options = options()
options() = [option()]
option() = {sync, boolean()} | {stream, stream_to()} | {body_format, body_format()} | {full_result, boolean()} | {headers_as_is, boolean() | {socket_opts, socket_opts()} | {receiver, receiver()}}
stream_to() = none | self | {self, once} | filename()
socket_opts() = [socket_opt()]
receiver() = pid() | function()/1 | {Module, Function, Args}
Module = atom()
Function = atom()
Args = list()
body_format() = string | binary
Result = {status_line(), headers(), body()} | {status_code(), body()} | request_id()
Profile = profile()
Reason = {connect_failed, term()} | {send_failed, term()} | term()
Sends a HTTP-request. The function can be both synchronous
and asynchronous. In the later case the function will return
{ok, RequestId} and later on the information will be delivered
to the receiver
depending on that value.
Http option (http_option()
) details:
timeout
-
Timeout time for the request.
The clock start ticking as soon as the request has been sent.
Time is in milliseconds.
Defaults to
infinity
. connect_timeout
-
Connection timeout time, used during the initial request, when the client is connecting to the server.
Time is in milliseconds.
Defaults to the value of the
timeout
option. ssl
-
This is the default ssl config option, currently defaults to
ossl
, see below.Defaults to
[]
. ossl
-
If using the OpenSSL based (old) implementation of SSL, these SSL-specific options are used.
Defaults to
[]
. essl
-
If using the Erlang based (new) implementation of SSL, these SSL-specific options are used.
Defaults to
[]
. autoredirect
-
Should the client automatically retreive the information from the new URI and return that as the result instead of a 30X-result code.
Note that for some 30X-result codes automatic redirect is not allowed in these cases the 30X-result will always be returned.
Defaults to
true
. proxy_auth
-
A proxy-authorization header using the provided user name and password will be added to the request.
version
-
Can be used to make the client act as an
HTTP/1.0
orHTTP/0.9
client. By default this is anHTTP/1.1
client. When usingHTTP/1.0
persistent connections will not be used.Defaults to the trsing
"HTTP/1.1"
. relaxed
-
If set to true workarounds for known server deviations from the HTTP-standard are enabled.
Defaults to
false
. url_encode
-
Will apply Percent-encoding, also known as URL encoding on the URL.
Defaults to
false
.
Option (option()
) details:
sync
-
Shall the request be synchronous or asynchronous.
Defaults to
true
. stream
-
Streams the body of a 200 or 206 response to the calling process or to a file. When streaming to the calling process using the option
self
the the following stream messages will be sent to that process: {http, {RequestId, stream_start, Headers}, {http, {RequestId, stream, BinBodyPart}, {http, {RequestId, stream_end, Headers}. When streaming to to the calling processes using the option{self, once}
the first message will have an additional element e.i. {http, {RequestId, stream_start, Headers, Pid}, this is the process id that should be used as an argument to http:stream_next/1 to trigger the next message to be sent to the calling process.Note that it is possible that chunked encoding will add headers so that there are more headers in the stream_end message than in the stream_start. When streaming to a file and the request is asynchronous the message {http, {RequestId, saved_to_file}} will be sent.
Defaults to
none
. body_format
-
Defines if the body shall be delivered as a string or as a binary. This option is only valid for the synchronous request.
Defaults to
string
. full_result
-
Should a "full result" be returned to the caller (that is, the body, the headers and the entire status-line) or not (the body and the status code).
Defaults to
true
. header_as_is
-
Shall the headers provided by the user be made lower case or be regarded as case sensitive.
Note that the http standard requires them to be case insenstive. This feature should only be used if there is no other way to communicate with the server or for testing purpose. Also note that when this option is used no headers will be automatically added, all necessary headers has to be provided by the user.
Defaults to
false
. socket_opts
-
Socket options to be used for this and subsequent request(s).
Overrides any value set by the set_options function.
Note that the validity of the options are not checked in any way.
Note that this may change the socket behaviour (see inet:setopts/2) for an already existing, and therefor already connected request handler.
By defaults the socket options set by the set_options/1,2 function is used when establishing connection.
receiver
-
Defines how the client will deliver the result for a asynchroneous request (
sync
has the valuefalse
).pid()
-
Message(s) will be sent to this process in the format:
{http, ReplyInfo}
function/1
-
Information will be delivered to the receiver via calls to the provided fun:
Receiver(ReplyInfo)
{Module, Funcion, Args}
-
Information will be delivered to the receiver via calls to the callback function:
apply(Module, Function, [ReplyInfo | Args])
In all cases above,
ReplyInfo
has the following structure:{RequestId, saved_to_file} {RequestId, {error, Reason}} {RequestId, Result} {RequestId, stream_start, Headers} {RequestId, stream_start, Headers, HandlerPid} {RequestId, stream, BinBodyPart} {RequestId, stream_end, Headers}
Defaults to the
pid()
of the process calling the request function (self()
).
cancel_request(RequestId) ->
cancel_request(RequestId, Profile) -> ok
RequestId = request_id() - A unique identifier as returned by request/4
Profile = profile()
Cancels an asynchronous HTTP-request.
set_options(Options) ->
set_options(Options, Profile) -> ok | {error, Reason}
Options = [Option]
Option = {proxy, {Proxy, NoProxy}} | {max_sessions, MaxSessions} | {max_keep_alive_length, MaxKeepAlive} | {keep_alive_timeout, KeepAliveTimeout} | {max_pipeline_length, MaxPipeline} | {pipeline_timeout, PipelineTimeout} | {cookies, CookieMode} | {ipfamily, IpFamily} | {ip, IpAddress} | {port, Port} | {socket_opts, socket_opts()} | {verbose, VerboseMode}
Proxy = {Hostname, Port}
Hostname = string()
Port = integer()
socket_opts() = [socket_opt()]
NoProxy = [NoProxyDesc]
NoProxyDesc = DomainDesc | HostName | IPDesc
DomainDesc = "*.Domain"
IpDesc = string()
MaxSessions = integer()
MaxKeepAlive = integer()
KeepAliveTimeout = integer()
MaxPipeline = integer()
PipelineTimeout = integer()
CookieMode = enabled | disabled | verify
IpFamily = inet | inet6 | inet6fb4
IpAddress = ip_address()
Port = integer()
VerboseMode = false | verbose | debug | trace
Profile = profile()
inet6fb4
you can use both ipv4 and ipv6.
It first tries inet6
and if that does not works falls back to inet
.
The option is here to provide a workaround for buggy ipv6 stacks to ensure that
ipv4 will always work.Sets options to be used for subsequent requests.
Note!
If possible the client will keep its connections alive and use persistent connections with or without pipeline depending on configuration and current circumstances. The HTTP/1.1 specification does not provide a guideline for how many requests that would be ideal to be sent on a persistent connection, this very much depends on the application. Note that a very long queue of requests may cause a user perceived delays as earlier request may take a long time to complete. The HTTP/1.1 specification does suggest a limit of 2 persistent connections per server, which is the default value of the max_sessions option.
stream_next(Pid) -> ok
Pid = pid() - as received in the stream_start message
Triggers the next message to be streamed, e.i. same behavior as active once for sockets.
store_cookie(SetCookieHeaders, Url) ->
store_cookie(SetCookieHeaders, Url, Profile) -> ok | {error, Reason}
SetCookieHeaders = headers() - where field = "set-cookie"
Url = url()
Profile = profile()
Saves the cookies defined in SetCookieHeaders
in the client profile's cookie database. You need to
call this function if you set the option cookies to verify
.
If no profile is specified the default profile will be used.
cookie_header(Url) ->
cookie_header(Url, Profile) -> header() | {error, Rason}
Url = url()
Profile = profile()
Returns the cookie header that would be sent when making a request to Url using the profile Profile. If no profile is specified the default profile will be used.
reset_cookies() -> void()
reset_cookies(Profile) -> void()
Profile = profile()
Resets (clears) the cookie database for the specified Profile. If no profile is specified the default profile will be used.
which_cookies() -> cookies()
which_cookies(Profile) -> cookies()
Profile = profile()
cookies() = [cooie_stores()]
cookie_stores() = {cookies, icookies()} | {session_cookies, icookies()}
icookies() = [icookie()]
cookie() = term()
This function produces a list of the entire cookie database. It is intended for debugging/testing purposes. If no profile is specified the default profile will be used.
SEE ALSO
RFC 2616, inets(3), gen_tcp(3), ssl(3)